Canarium oleosum Engl.(Lam.)- Kenari dalam Bahasa Indonesia klik di sini
Canarium oleosum Engl.(Lam.)- Walnut Tree 


Source: Private document, 2022

Taxonomy
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Subphylum: Angiosperms
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Spindales
Family: Burseraceae
Genus: Canarium
Spesies: Canarium oleosum Engl.(Lam.)
(Engler & Prantl, 1896) 

 
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Branch
 
Flower
Sources: Private document, 2022

Morphology
Canarium oleosum Engl.(Lam.) or known as the walnut tree is a woody-greyish-plants. The stem is upright and grey, the diameter reaches 1-1.5m. When the stem is sliced, it will produce the sap. The leaves are pinnate with 4-5 pairs of elongated leaves, with a smooth and shiny surface. The flowers are arranged in a 15-40cm long panicle, measuring 1 cm cross each other with a yellowish-brass white flower crown. The fruit is oval green when raw, meanwhile it will change into dark green and black when ripe. The seeds are white while the skin is brown (Munawaroh & Roemantyo: 1992).

Distribution & Habitat
Walnut trees grow abundantly in the tropics around the world and are known as roadside shade plants. In Indonesia, this tree is widely grown in the Eastern region, such as Papua Guinea, Solomon Island, and Vanuatu, and North Sulawesi region. In the North Sulawesi, people use the stems as building materials and the seeds as baking material. Walnut trees also grown in several countries such as Nigeria, South Africa, Madagascar, South China, India, and Philippines (Thomson & Evans: 2006).

Potential
The seeds contain fat, carbohydrate, protein, and antioxidant with polyphenol compounds that are good for body health, such as to prevent memory loss, reduce stress, prevent impotence in men and cancer (Leakey, et al: 2007).

Usability
According to the book “Pojok Tanaman Langka” by Diponegoro University (2019) walnut trees have many benefits from stems, sap, fruit, and seeds. The walnut tree sap contains a resin which can be used for the treatment of  pruritus and as ingredient for making dupa and perfume. The seeds (walnut) can be used as a basic ingredient for baking Sulawesi typical food, such as Halua Kenari, Dodol Kenari, Klaper Koek, and others. Its wooden rods are widely used as building materials or for boat building materials.

References
Munawaroh, E. & Roemantyo (1992). Beberapa Aspek Etnobotani Kenari (Canarium sp.) Studi Kasus Kebun Raya Bogor.

Thomson & Evans (2006). Canarium Indicum var.Indicum and C.Barveyi (canarium nut)

Leakey, R.R.B., Nevenimo T., Moxon, J., Wemin, J., Johnston, M., and Bunt, C.. Domestication Indicum Nuts in the Pacific. Agroforestry Systems 69: 117-134.

Universitas Diponegoro (2019).Pojok Tanaman Langka.